policies

Knowledge Package

The Role of Industrial Emissions Within the EU: Trends and Policy

The Role of Industrial Emissions Within the EU: Trends and Policy
Greenhouse gas emissions generated by industrial activity constitute a significant share of total emissions in the EU. The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) is the cornerstone of policies leading to reduction of industrial emissions, supplemented by regulation to prevent fluorinated gases. Industry fears a high burden under the proposed 2030 targets and actively opposes them.Read more
Knowledge Package

Discussion of Climate Policy Instrument Types Applied in the EU

Discussion of Climate Policy Instrument Types Applied in the EU
The main instrument categories applied within the European climate policy mix include non-market-based and market-based instruments. Both instrument types have specific characteristics and thus certain advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid policy approach can reduce short comings and lead to an improved outcome in comparison to the introduction of a single policy type.Read more
Knowledge Package

Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments
European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more
Knowledge Package

Non-Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

Non-Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments
European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of non-market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more
Knowledge Package

Carbon Leakage and Industrial Innovation

Carbon Leakage and Industrial Innovation
Carbon leakage is defined as an increase of emissions outside the EU because of EU climate policies. As such policies affect the costs of economic activity, especially in energy intensive industries, they might cause companies to move production to countries with laxer greenhouse gas emission policies. Therefore, affected industries receive benefits, such as more free emission allowances in the EU...Read more
Knowledge Package

Observer NGOs and the International Climate Negotiations

Observer NGOs and the International Climate Negotiations
The first part of this knowledge package, "Role of Countries in Climate Negotiations" (POLIMP, 2015) presented an overview of the multilevel interaction of government stakeholders in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The knowledge package below aims at providing a map of the size, coordination and influence of the non-governmental organisations involved as observers in the UNFCCC negotiations.Read more
Knowledge Package

Role of Countries in Climate Negotiations

Role of Countries in Climate Negotiations
Since the 1990s, almost all countries in the world negotiate on international climate policies as Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This has resulted in several milestones, but it has also become clear that countries are diverse and have different negotiation interests, which complicates reaching agreements. This knowledge package maps and explains the interaction of the...Read more
Knowledge Package

The Global Rise of Emissions Trading

The Global Rise of Emissions Trading
An increasing number of countries and regions around the world are developing and implementing emissions trading as a way of putting a price on greenhouse gas emissions. This knowledge package gives an overview of such systems, compares design features and giving an outlook on future developments.Read more
Knowledge Package

Climate Change Adaptation: Options and Mechanisms under the UNFCCC

Climate Change Adaptation: Options and Mechanisms under the UNFCCC
With a changing climate and the related impacts, social systems need to adapt to altered external conditions. Diverse adaptation options are available for every major sector of the economy. Also the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change pursues different strategies to enhance action on adaptation, both on the national and the global scale. Additionally, the Adaptation Committee plans to...Read more
Knowledge Package

Community Energy Projects: Europe's Pioneering Task

Community Energy Projects: Europe's Pioneering Task
Involving citizens in the generation of renewable energy can increase social acceptance and thus enable the low carbon energy transition. The EU is taking a leading role in community-owned energy projects since this has emerged common practice in EU Member States. Denmark and Germany constitute two best practice examples for community energy generation. Denmark focuses on wind power plants, while...Read more

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