cost and benefits

Knowledge Package

Discussion of Climate Policy Instrument Types Applied in the EU

Discussion of Climate Policy Instrument Types Applied in the EU
The main instrument categories applied within the European climate policy mix include non-market-based and market-based instruments. Both instrument types have specific characteristics and thus certain advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid policy approach can reduce short comings and lead to an improved outcome in comparison to the introduction of a single policy type.Read more
Knowledge Package

Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments
European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more
Knowledge Package

Non-Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

Non-Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments
European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of non-market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more
Knowledge Package

The Costs of Mitigation: An Overview

The Costs of Mitigation: An Overview
There is quite a vast landscape of different definitions used for the word 'cost' related to the concepts of climate change. To enhance appropriate application and interpretation, this knowledge package explains the various terms in the climate change debate. Furthermore, it provides cost estimates for mitigation expressed in consumption losses for 2020 through 2100 and argues that costs would further...Read more
Knowledge Package

Technical Options for Climate Change Mitigation in EU Agriculture

Technical Options for Climate Change Mitigation in EU Agriculture
Agriculture and land management play a central role in climate change mitigation in the EU. The potential of greenhouse gas mitigation measures differs according to regional characteristics and farming systems. Since there is great diversity in natural conditions and farming systems, selection of the most appropriate practices will vary according to context and depend on specific agronomic, environmental and climatic...Read more
Knowledge Package

Agriculture and Climate Change in the EU: An Overview

Agriculture and Climate Change in the EU: An Overview
Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU, while also being heavily affected by climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have to be prioritised by both farmers and policy makers in order to coordinate efforts to reduce emissions from the sector and meet demands for food. Balancing these sometimes competing interests presents a significant policy challenge. Read more
Knowledge Package

Cost-Effectiveness of EU Renewable Energy Support Systems

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Renewable energy support schemes need to be well designed in order to bring forth the desired outcome, not only regarding the achievement of targets (effectiveness) but also regarding the achievement at lowest costs possible (cost-effectiveness). This knowledge package focuses on the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy support schemes within the EU and highlights design features indispensable in creating cost-effective renewable support.Read more
Knowledge Package

Adaptation Policy in the EU – An Overview

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The European Commission introduced the EU Adaptation Strategy in 2013. The strategy sets out a framework and mechanisms for preparing the EU for current and future climate impacts. The strategy has three main objectives: promoting action by Member States; promoting better-informed decision-making; and promoting adaptation in key vulnerable sectors. On a national level, many Member States have adopted National Adaptation Strategies.Read more
Knowledge Package

Interactions between Climate Policies: Examples from Europe

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Policies to address climate change mitigation that have been deployed in parallel may interact with each other, with positive or negative effects for emission reductions and for cost-effectiveness. This Knowledge Package presents examples from European Union climate policy, renewable energy policy and energy efficiency policy.Read more
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