economic costs

Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

SNA — Mon, 27 Jun 2016 09:56:30 +0000

European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more

Carbon Leakage and Industrial Innovation

SNA — Wed, 15 Jun 2016 12:19:29 +0000

Carbon leakage is defined as an increase of emissions outside the EU because of EU climate policies. As such policies affect the costs of economic activity, especially in energy intensive industries, they might cause companies to move production to countries with laxer greenhouse gas emission policies. Therefore, affected industries receive benefits, such as more free emission allowances in the EU...Read more

Electricity Market Design and Price Signals for Renewables

SNA — Thu, 07 Apr 2016 08:50:04 +0000

This knowledge package focuses on electricity market design to support an efficient integration of renewable sources into the European electricity system, in line with the 2020 and forthcoming 2030 targets. Considering the sustainable electricity market design, looking into design principles for integrating variable renewable energy and bridging emerging technologies, it concludes the broad variety in terms of market design possibilities.Read more

The Costs of Mitigation: An Overview

SNA — Tue, 02 Feb 2016 12:29:51 +0000

There is quite a vast landscape of different definitions used for the word 'cost' related to the concepts of climate change. To enhance appropriate application and interpretation, this knowledge package explains the various terms in the climate change debate. Furthermore, it provides cost estimates for mitigation expressed in consumption losses for 2020 through 2100 and argues that costs would further...Read more

Climate Finance for Reduction of Emissions and Vulnerability

SNA — Wed, 29 Jul 2015 13:38:26 +0000

Climate finance is defined as the financial resources paid to support climate change mitigation and adaptation activities. International climate finance as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change framework refers to the financial flows from developed to developing countries. This knowledge package provides an introduction to climate finance, including definitions and an overview of principles for climate...Read more

Energy Efficiency Policy Instruments in the European Union

SNA — Fri, 17 Jul 2015 11:02:51 +0000

Energy Efficiency Obligations are the cornerstone of the Energy Efficiency Directive from 2012. Under such obligations energy companies are responsible for generating energy savings. This policy was already successfully implemented in 6 EU Member States. Other policies like nearly zero energy buildings and energy certification are also planned. This knowledge package investigates the range of energy efficiency policies that are...Read more

Cost-Effectiveness of EU Renewable Energy Support Systems

melanie.schlund — Tue, 31 Mar 2015 08:44:10 +0000

Renewable energy support schemes need to be well designed in order to bring forth the desired outcome, not only regarding the achievement of targets (effectiveness) but also regarding the achievement at lowest costs possible (cost-effectiveness). This knowledge package focuses on the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy support schemes within the EU and highlights design features indispensable in creating cost-effective renewable support.Read more

Are Transport Emissions "Mobilizing" an EU Policy Response?

melanie.schlund — Mon, 23 Mar 2015 08:56:38 +0000

Within the EU-28, transport is responsible for around 20% of greenhouse gas emissions, rendering it the second largest emitting sector after the energy industry. Emissions from transport have also grown by 19% from 1990 to 2011. In order to turn this trend around and accomplish the corresponding emission targets, the EU has designed and implemented a series of measures, including...Read more

Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy

melanie.schlund — Mon, 09 Mar 2015 08:29:09 +0000

It is essential to consider the social aspects that influence the acceptance of climate-friendly technologies, such as renewable energy. Five elements are thought to determine the level of acceptance: awareness of climate change; fairness of the decision-making process; the overall evaluation of costs, risks and benefits; the local context; and trust in decision-makers.Read more