effectiveness

Discussion of Climate Policy Instrument Types Applied in the EU

SNA — Mon, 27 Jun 2016 10:52:37 +0000

The main instrument categories applied within the European climate policy mix include non-market-based and market-based instruments. Both instrument types have specific characteristics and thus certain advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid policy approach can reduce short comings and lead to an improved outcome in comparison to the introduction of a single policy type.Read more

Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

SNA — Mon, 27 Jun 2016 09:56:30 +0000

European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more

Non-Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments

SNA — Mon, 27 Jun 2016 08:56:57 +0000

European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge package introduces the workings of non-market-based instruments currently part of the EU’s climate policy toolbox.Read more

Carbon Leakage and Industrial Innovation

SNA — Wed, 15 Jun 2016 12:19:29 +0000

Carbon leakage is defined as an increase of emissions outside the EU because of EU climate policies. As such policies affect the costs of economic activity, especially in energy intensive industries, they might cause companies to move production to countries with laxer greenhouse gas emission policies. Therefore, affected industries receive benefits, such as more free emission allowances in the EU...Read more

Climate Change Adaptation: Needs, Barriers and Limits

SNA — Tue, 09 Feb 2016 12:57:41 +0000

With the observation of more and more climate change impacts, adaptation provides an essential strategy to reduce negative consequences and to exploit beneficial socioeconomic opportunities of climate change. Adaptation related decision-making, however, is confronted with barriers for public and private actors. Other restricting factors, such as technical limits, can further reduce the desired level of adaptation.Read more

Mitigation: Co-Benefits and Interlinkages to Adaptation

SNA — Mon, 01 Feb 2016 09:49:10 +0000

Climate mitigation is a popular strategy to address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Various options are available for both mitigation policy and technology measures, providing enough economic potential to offset the projected emissions growth. It is crucial for policymakers to be aware of possible side effects, such as co-benefits and interlinkages to adaptation, to pursue a cost-effective implementation...Read more

Non-Market Based Approaches: Status of Discussions under the UNFCCC

SNA — Mon, 07 Dec 2015 09:48:52 +0000

The opposition of few countries to market mechanisms coupled with limitations for involving developing countries, parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are considering measures known as non-market-based approaches, like policies and regulations. This knowledge package shows the involvement of definition of non-market-based approach, ensuring environmental integrity and ensuring sustainable development.Read more

The European Climate Policy Mix

melanie.schlund — Tue, 31 Mar 2015 09:28:19 +0000

To realise the savings aimed at with the 20-20-20% targets for 2020, the European Union has introduced a mix of climate policies, using a variety of policy instruments and targeting all economic sectors. The different policies have fulfilled their purpose with varying success and different performances regarding environmental and cost effectiveness, as well as additional impacts on society. Read more

Cost-Effectiveness of EU Renewable Energy Support Systems

melanie.schlund — Tue, 31 Mar 2015 08:44:10 +0000

Renewable energy support schemes need to be well designed in order to bring forth the desired outcome, not only regarding the achievement of targets (effectiveness) but also regarding the achievement at lowest costs possible (cost-effectiveness). This knowledge package focuses on the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy support schemes within the EU and highlights design features indispensable in creating cost-effective renewable support.Read more

Interactions between Climate Policies: Examples from Europe

melanie.schlund — Mon, 30 Mar 2015 09:52:03 +0000

Policies to address climate change mitigation that have been deployed in parallel may interact with each other, with positive or negative effects for emission reductions and for cost-effectiveness. This Knowledge Package presents examples from European Union climate policy, renewable energy policy and energy efficiency policy.Read more

Interactions between Climate Policies: Opportunities and Pitfalls

melanie.schlund — Mon, 30 Mar 2015 08:16:46 +0000

Policies to address climate change mitigation that have been deployed in parallel may interact with each other, with positive or negative effects for emission reductions and for cost-effectiveness. This Knowledge Package explains the economic theory behind such policy interactions and discusses why even with a carbon price (such as that generated by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme) the introduction of...Read more

International Climate Policy Architectures – Top-Down and Bottom-Up

melanie.schlund — Mon, 09 Mar 2015 13:24:38 +0000

International climate policy currently seems to be undergoing a transition from a centralized model of governance to a "hybrid" decentralized approach that combines country-level mitigation pledges with common principles for accounting and monitoring. Pledges for 2020 are likely to lead to a warming of at least 3°C. Unless a more stringent approach can be agreed for 2030, the international regime...Read more

The EU Emissions Trading System: an Introduction

dmk — Thu, 29 Jan 2015 08:30:32 +0000

The EU Emissions Trading Scheme is a key pillar of European climate policy. It contributes to the EU’s greenhouse gas reduction targets by setting a cap on the maximum level of emissions for the sectors covered and establishing an installation-level market for emission permits, which generates a price for them. This knowledge package traces the history and discusses the main...Read more

Overview of Climate Targets in Europe

dmk — Wed, 17 Dec 2014 09:40:31 +0000

Since the 1990s the EU has been pursuing climate change mitigation targets. Following the international commitment to the legally binding greenhouse gas reduction under the Kyoto Protocol, the approach was broadened and deepened with the 20-20-20% targets for 2020. The greenhouse gas target looks set to be overachieved. In 2014, new objectives for 2030 were agreed, but criticised harshly by...Read more